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20210503
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Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.6.1.9270
NNBFs in Coastal Virginia at less than 10 feet land elevation
2019-07-01T00:00:00
Jessica Hendricks
Comprehensive Coastal Inventory, Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS)
Scientist
1375 Greate Road, P.O. Box 1346
Gloucester Point
VA
23062
US
804-684-7140
https://www.vims.edu/ccrm/
Jessica Hendricks
0.000000
0.000000
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38.893836
36.534814
To depict the extent of natural and nature-based features (NNBFs) across coastal Virginia. Coverage is limited to land areas at less than 10 feet in elevation contiguous with the shoreline.
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Layer containing polygons delineating NNBFs including beaches, dunes, non-tidal and tidal wetlands, wooded areas, and scrub-shrub areas. Data is sourced from various datasets including VIMS Center for Coastal Resources Management (CCRM) Comprehensive Coastal Inventory (CCI) and Tidal Marsh Inventory (TMI), VIMS Shoreline Studies program, 2016 Virginia Land Cover Dataset, and the 2017 National Wetlands Inventory. </SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
NNBF
natural features
green infrastructure
nature-based features
living shorelines
dunes
beaches
wetlands
tidal marshes
land cover
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>These data should not be used for jurisdictional permit determinations beyond providing general NNBF presence. These data have not been surveyed to property boundaries. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>These data and related items of information have not been formally disseminated by NOAA, and do not represent any agency determination, view, or policy.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Land cover, NNBF, natural and nature-based features
Virginia Coastal areas lying at less than 10 feet in elevation. Chesapeake Bay, Accomack, Caroline, Charles City, Chesterfield, City of Chesapeake, City of Colonial Heights, City of Fredericksburg, City of Hampton, City of Hopewell, City of Petersburg, City of Richmond, Essex, Fairfax, Gloucester, Hanover, Henrico, Isle of Wight, James City, King George, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Newport News, Norfolk, Northampton, Northumberland, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Prince George, Prince William, Richmond, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Suffolk, Surry, Virginia Beach, Westmoreland, Williamsburg, York
Jessica Hendricks
Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS)
Scientist
1375 Greate Road, P.O. Box 1346
Gloucester Point
VA
23062
US
804-684-7140
https://www.vims.edu/ccrm/
Jessica Hendricks
Jessica Hendricks
CCRM, VIMS Shoreline Studies Program, VGIN, NWI
File Geodatabase Feature Class
0.000
dataset
EPSG
8.8(9.3.1.2)
360153
Simple
FALSE
360153
TRUE
TRUE
nnbf_apr2020_wm
Feature Class
360153
OBJECTID
OBJECTID
OID
4
0
0
Internal feature number.
Esri
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Shape
Shape
Geometry
0
0
0
Feature geometry.
Esri
Coordinates defining the features.
NNBF_Type
NNBF_Type
String
25
0
0
Indicates the category defining the natural or nature-based feature.
CCRM
Beach
For beaches delineated in the CCI: Beaches are persistent sandy shores that are visible during high tides. These features can be wide or thin lenses of sand. Beaches are coded as linear features at the wet/dry line to portray their location only. ‘Wide’ beaches have at least 10 feet of dry sand persistently visible above high tides. Beach features coded along tidal marsh shorelines are persistent, sandy features located on the water side of tidal marsh vegetation. Sand washed into tidal marshes is not coded as a beach if the marsh vegetation &/or marsh edge is still clearly visible. This classification of beaches along tidal marsh shorelines can include professional judgment. For beaches delineated using Virginia 2016 Land Cover dataset: beaches are areas that are coded as ‘Barren’ and are contiguous to the water/land interface.
VIMS Shoreline & Tidal Marsh Inventory Glossary, Center for Coastal Resources Management
Dune
A mound of unconsolidated sandy soil contiguous to mean high water. Landward and lateral limits are marked by a change in grade from >10% to <10%. Primary dunes must support specific plant species or communities named in Coastal Primary Sand Dune Protection Act of 1980.
Hardaway, C. S., Milligan, D. A., Varnell, L. M., Thomas, G. R., Priest, W. L., Meneghini, L. M., Barnard, T. A., & Wilcox, C. A. (2004) Accomack County Dune Inventory. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. https://doi.org/10.21220/V5QM7R
Hybrid Living Shoreline with Breakwater
VMRC permitted shoreline projects utilizing beach sand nourishment and/or installation of an offshore breakwater.
Center for Coastal Resources Management
Hybrid Living Shoreline with Marsh Sill
VMRC permitted shoreline projects utilizing marsh vegetation planting and installation of a marsh sill or marsh toe.
Center for Coastal Resources Management
Hybrid Living Shoreline with Oyster Sill
VMRC permitted shoreline projects utilizing marsh vegetation planting and installation of an oyster sill/habitat. Sills constructed using oyster shells, oyster shell bags, oyster castles, ready reef, or filtrexx logs.
Center for Coastal Resources Management
Scrub-shrub
Natural or semi-natural woody vegetated areas with stems generally less than 6 meters tall; evergreen and deciduous species of true shrubs, young trees, and those that are small or stunted due to environmental conditions as defined by the EPA.
Virginia Geographic Information Network (VGIN) Land Cover Dataset 2016 Technical Plan of Operations
Wooded
Areas defined in the Land Cover dataset as tree or forest. Tree and forest covers are defined as natural or semi-natural woody vegetation with >30% canopy cover and including deciduous, evergreen, and mixed foliage types.
Virginia Geographic Information Network (VGIN) Land Cover Dataset 2016 Technical Plan of Operations
Forested Wetland
Tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by trees.
2017 National Wetlands Inventory
Scrub-shrub Wetland
Tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by shrubs.
2017 National Wetlands Inventory
Emergent Wetland
Tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by emergent vegetation.
2017 National Wetlands Inventory
Tidal Marsh
Tidal marshes at least 20 sq. ft. in area, meeting the definition established in Virginia’s Tidal Wetlands Act, and not otherwise considered a marsh island. In all cases, wetland vegetation must be relatively well established, although not necessarily healthy.
VIMS Shoreline & Tidal Marsh Inventory Glossary, Center for Coastal Resources Management
NNBF_ID
NNBF_ID
Integer
4
0
0
Identifier.
NNBF_MINft
NNBF_MINft
Double
8
0
0
The minimum ground elevation in feet that the NNBF overlays. Elevations derived from LIDAR data.
NNBF_MAXft
NNBF_MAXft
Double
8
0
0
The maximum ground elevation in feet that the NNBF overlays. Elevations derived from LIDAR data.
Opportunity
Opportunity
Double
8
0
0
To rank NNBFs, a score was created to represent the opportunity that each NNBF has to encounter tidal flooding waters and was determined using the elevation range for each NNBF. Using the past 19-years of water levels records from the Sewell’s Point tidal gage, the percent of flooding events that reached each elevation range was calculated. This is used to determine the probability that a particular NNBF would encounter tidal flooding waters.
CCRM
Capacity
Capacity
Double
8
0
0
Capacity is how well the each NNBF type (e.g., beach, tidal marsh) can mitigate coastal flooding based on its physical characteristics. Capacity was scored low, medium and high for three categories, added, and then normalized on a 0-1 scale. Scores were based on best professional judgement and literature review.
CCRM
Tot_Capacity
Tot_Capacity
Double
8
0
0
Scores for capacity and opportunity were multiplied together to create a flooding mitigation score.
CCRM
Cap_Rank
Cap_Rank
Double
8
0
0
Total capacity scores were grouped into low, medium, and high based on a best effort to create an even distribution of the features in each category.
CCRM
Cap_Rank_Txt
Cap_Rank_Txt
String
255
0
0
Text for web viewer.
CCRM
IPs_xing
IPs_xing
Integer
4
0
0
The number of IPs that intersect the NNBF was counted. Inundation Pathways (IPs) represent the lowest elevation areas connecting the shoreline to each at-risk building in the focus area.
CCRM
CritFac_xing
CritFac_xing
Integer
4
0
0
Buildings associated with critical facilities such as hospitals and police stations were coded using the USGS National Structures Dataset. The number of critical community facility IPs that intersect the NNBF was counted. Any NNBF that intercepted a critical community facility IP was scored “yes.”
CCRM
IP_xing_rank
IP_xing_rank
Double
8
0
0
Scores for the number of buildings benefitting from and NNBF were grouped into low, medium, and high based on the data. • Low = NNBFs that did not have any IPs flowing through them (approximately 60% of NNBFs). • Medium = NNBFs with 1 building IP (approximately 15% of NNBFs)
• High = NNBFs with 2 or more building IPs (approximately 22% of NNBFs)
CCRM
IP_xing_txt
IP_xing_txt
String
255
0
0
Text for web viewer.
CCRM
Locality
Locality
String
100
0
0
Name of the locality(ies) within which the NNBF is located.
CCRM
CritFac_rank
CritFac_rank
Double
8
0
0
NNBFs were ranked based on a no/yes score.
CCRM
CritFac_txt
CritFac_txt
String
255
0
0
Text for the web viewer.
CCRM
WQCred_Pot
WQCred_Pot
String
255
0
0
This project we focused on the generation of two main classes of co-benefits: FEMA Community Rating System (CRS) credits, and water quality/TMDL credits. All NNBFs except for beaches and dunes were coded as providing water quality benefits.
CCRM
Coben_rank
Coben_rank
Double
8
0
0
Scores for the number of co-benefit potential from and NNBF were grouped into low, medium, and high based on the data. Low = No FEMA/CRS credit potential AND No Water Quality Credit Potential
Medium = 1 of the two above credit programs may apply.
High = Both of the above credit programs may apply.
CCRM
Coben_txt
Coben_txt
String
255
0
0
Text for web viewer.
CCRM
Coben_count
Coben_count
Double
8
0
0
Count of the number of co-benefit generating programs that may apply for the NNBF.
CCRM
Overall_Rank
Overall_Rank
Double
8
0
0
Overall rank is the sum of the scores from each of the four benefit categories: NNBF Total Capacity, Number of Buildings Benefitting, Community Facility benefit, and Potential for Co-benefit generation.
CCRM
Overall_txt
Overall_txt
String
255
0
0
Text for web viewer.
CCRM
dune_IPxing
dune_IPxing
Double
8
0
0
Dunes were scored slightly differently regarding IPs crossings. Because dunes are high points in the landscape and IPs flow through only low areas of the landscape, most dunes have few IPs that traverse them. Despite this, expert judgment and literature review demonstrate flooding mitigation benefits from dunes. Therefore, dunes are scored based on the number of IPs/buildings that are within 100 feet of the dune.
CCRM
IP_all_max_xing
IP_all_max_xing
Double
8
0
0
The maximum number of IPs intersecting the NNBF. The maximum number of either IP_xing or dune_IP_xing.
CCRM
RPABuff_xing
RPABuff_xing
String
255
0
0
Indication of whether the NNBF intersects the RPA 100-ft Chesapeake Bay buffer.
CCRM
Fld_ZoneNew
Fld_ZoneNew
String
255
0
0
FEMA Flood Hazard Zone that the NNBF intersects.
CCRM
NNBF_Source
NNBF_Source
String
255
0
0
Description of the data source for geographic information of the NNBF type.
CCRM
VMRC_2
VMRC_2
String
255
0
0
The VMRC permit number for living shoreline projects.
CCRM
Living_Shl_Type
Living_Shl_Type
String
255
0
0
If NNBF is a living shoreline (or includes a living shoreline), the type. Sourced from CCRM databased and VMRC.
CCRM
gridcode
gridcode
Integer
4
0
0
Land cover class.
coben_all_txt
coben_all_txt
String
255
0
0
Text for web viewer.
CCRM
crs_bdb
crs_bdb
String
255
0
0
crs_waterside_1
crs_waterside
String
255
0
0
crs_water_fld
crs_water_fld
String
255
0
0
CRSCred_Pot
CRSCred_Pot
String
255
0
0
Shape_Length
Shape_Length
Double
8
0
0
Length of feature in internal units.
Esri
Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
Shape_Area
Shape_Area
Double
8
0
0
Area of feature in internal units squared.
Esri
Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
20210503
Jessica Hendricks
Comprehensive Coastal Inventory, Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS)
Scientist
1375 Greate Road, P.O. Box 1346
Gloucester Point
VA
23062
US
804-684-7140
https://www.vims.edu/ccrm/
Jessica Hendricks
Jessica Hendricks
This data set is comprised of NNBFs gathered from multiple layers.
Shoreline Inventories, Center for Coastal Resources Management (CCRM), Comprehensive Coastal Inventory (CCI).
VIMS Shoreline Studies Dune Inventory Reports and Dune Evolution Reports (2001-2006)
2016 Virginia Land Cover Dataset
CCRM Living Shoreline Permit Database
CCRM Tidal Marsh Inventory
2017 National Wetlands Inventory
Danielson, Jeffrey and Tyler, Dean. 2016. Topobathymetric Model for Chesapeake Bay Region - District of Columbia, States of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, 1859 to 2015. U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed through https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/eros/coned/science/hurricane-sandy-region-topobathymetric-elevation-model-chesapeake?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects
Beaches information was created by combining two sources of data: CCI and 2016 Virginia Land Use and Land Cover.
CCI beaches are indicated as linear features to portray their location only and coded as “Wide” if at least 10 feet of dry sand was visible above high tide. Beaches coded as “Wide” were buffered by 20 feet to give a general footprint; other beaches were buffered by 5 feet.
Land Cover areas coded as barren and adjacent to the land/water interface mapped by CCI were designated as beaches. These polygons were then checked using Virginia Base Mapping Program high-resolution aerial imagery to verify presence of beach.
2018-05-01T00:00:00
Shoreline Inventory, Center for Coastal Resources Management (CCRM), Comprehensive Coastal Inventory (CCI).
Each county has its own shoreline inventory. Between 2009 - 2015 shoreline inventoriy data was field collected by 2-3 person field crews using hand-held Trimble GeoExplorers GPS Units, while navigating by boat along the shoreline. Inventories published after 2015 are generated in the lab by viewing high resoultion imagery from the Virginia Base Mapping Program (VBMP), Bing maps, and Google Earth. Temporal period extent includes field days and aerial image dates.
Wooded and scrub-shrub areas were extracted from 2016 Virginia Land Cover Dataset. 'Forest' and 'Tree' areas were combined into a new category 'Wooded'. 'Wooded' areas that were overlain by wetlands or extended into the water were deleted.
2016 Virginia Land Cover Dataset
2018-06-01T00:00:00
Dunes data was sourced from historic VIMS Shoreline Studies reports from 2006 and dune locations were verified and digitized using VBMP imagery.
2018-06-01T00:00:00
VIMS Shoreline Studies Dune Inventory Reports and Dune Evolution Reports (2001-2006)
Tidal Wetlands obtained from CCRM Tidal Marsh Inventory
CCRM Tidal Marsh Inventory
2018-07-01T00:00:00
Non-tidal wetlands were obtained from the 2017 National Wetlands Inventory from US FWS. Narrowed the scope of wetlands included in this analysis by eliminating wetlands classed as: lake, riverine, freshwater pond, and other. Non-tidal wetlands that were overlain by CCI TMI data were deleted. Wetlands coded "PFO" by FWS were classified as "Forested Wetlands"; those coded as "SS" were classified as "Scrub-Shrub." All remaining wetlands polygons were classified as "Emergent."
2018-07-01T00:00:00
2017 National Wetlands Inventory
Living shoreline projects were obtained from CCRM Permit Database. Project points were located off the shoreline. Points were relocated to lie on the CCI shoreline and then buffered using the project length indicated in the project database. The section of shoreline located within the project buffer was then buffered by 1m (to make into a polygon) and then coded and checked.
2018-07-01T00:00:00
Data is sourced from unpublished database containing permitted living shoreline projects. Maintained by CCRM.
Minimum and maximum land elevations underlying each NNBF polygon was determined using the Topobathymetric Model for the Chesapeake Bay region.
2019-09-02T00:00:00
Danielson, Jeffrey and Tyler, Dean. 2016. Topobathymetric Model for Chesapeake Bay Region - District of Columbia, States of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, 1859 to 2015. U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed through https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/eros/coned/science/hurricane-sandy-region-topobathymetric-elevation-model-chesapeake?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects
To rank NNBFs, a score was created for four components including the flooding mitigation services, benefits to buildings, benefits to critical facilities, and opportunity to fulfill programmatic incentives offered to localities. Fields containing scores and the final composite ranking score are present in this layer and described for each field.
2019-12-13T00:00:00
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