20220307 15213100 1.0 FGDC CSDGM Metadata FALSE SOVI_CoastalVirginia_BlockGroups2019_update_Aug2021_wm -9314702.826600 -8367489.453900 4375300.258400 4788646.463000 1 39.527 002 Projected GCS_WGS_1984 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/10.6'><WKT>PROJCS["WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere",GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",0.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",0.0],PARAMETER["Auxiliary_Sphere_Type",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",3857]]</WKT><XOrigin>-20037700</XOrigin><YOrigin>-30241100</YOrigin><XYScale>10000</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>102100</WKID><LatestWKID>3857</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere 20230511 15271800 20230511 15271800 150000000 5000 FGDC ArcGIS Metadata 1.0 https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.2019.html File Geodatabase Feature Class Coastal Virginia Social Vulnerability Index at the Block Group Level - August 2021 2018-06-01T00:00:00 2019-05-01T00:00:00 The Social Vulnerability Index (SOVI) was added to the Virginia 2019 Tiger/Line Block Groups downloaded from the U.S. Census Bureau. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>Following other social vulnerability indexes, including the SoVI® developed by the Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute at the University of South Carolina, this vulnerability index is based on a principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is a statistical technique that takes as its input a matrix of interrelated socioeconomic variables – in this case those considered to measure various dimensions of social vulnerability – and creates a new set of orthogonal principal components that extract the important variation the underlying input data while reducing the noise and redundancy in the data. After conducting the PCA, the researcher combines the newly created component variables into a composite index that provides a single value for each observation in the dataset, in this case a social vulnerability score. The utility of a PCA-based index is that it encapsulates a lot of information in an easily consumed form and individual observations can be ranked relative to each other. This update uses data from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey at the census block group level where available and at the census tract level where block group data is not available. It is an update of the Social Vulnerability Index on the Adapt VA Portal and uses the same or similar variables to the ones used in that analysis. These variables, shown in the next table, are those that we consider to be the most direct determinants of social vulnerability. <TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD>Variable</TD><TD>Description</TD><TD>Block Group or Tract Level</TD></TR><TR><TD>Income</TD><TD>Per capita income </TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Black</TD><TD>Percent of population that is Black or African American</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Hispanic</TD><TD>Percent of population that is Hispanic</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Native</TD><TD>Percent of population that is Native American</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Over 65</TD><TD>Percent of population that is over 65 years of age</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Unemployed</TD><TD>Percent of civilian labor force 16 and over that is unemployed</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Poverty</TD><TD>Percent of population for whom poverty status is established that is living in poverty</TD><TD>Tract</TD></TR><TR><TD>No High School</TD><TD>Percent of population 25 and older with no high school degree or equivalent</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Group Quarters</TD><TD>Percent of population in group quarters including nursing homes and prisons</TD><TD>Tract</TD></TR><TR><TD>Female Labor Force</TD><TD>Percent of females 16 and over in civilian labor force</TD><TD>Tract</TD></TR><TR><TD>Female Households</TD><TD>Percent of households with female head, no spouse</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR><TR><TD>Social Security</TD><TD>Percent of households with social security income</TD><TD>Block Group</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>Before conducting the PCA, the variables were first standardized to z-scores with zero means and unit variances to avoid any confounding effects that might arise from using variables of different magnitudes in the analysis. We then conducted a PCA, keeping those components with eigenvalues greater than 1 (the Kaiser selection criterion). As a next step, we conducted a Varimax rotation of the components to facilitate interpretation of each component because – as is the case with all PCA-based indices – the researcher must determine the directionality of each retained component, that is whether higher values of the component increase the level of social vulnerability (positive directionality) or decrease the level of social vulnerability (negative directionality). Where the directionality of the component was clearly negative, we scaled the component by a factor of -1 before including it in the composite index so that higher values of the scaledcomponent would increase the overall vulnerability index. As is common in the literature, in instances when the effect of the component on vulnerability is ambiguous (as is the case when the different variables that make up the component work in opposite ways), we assume a positive directionality. Each component is then multiplied by the variance it captures from the total input matrix and the weighted components are added together to form the index. To ensure that the index can be compared to other indices, the resulting aggregated values to z-scores with zero means and unit variances. Since all values of the index are relative, it can be used to rank observations relative to each other in terms of vulnerability. However, many studies also identify a group of “highly vulnerable” observations – that is those observations whose standardized index score exceeds a threshold value of 1 (i.e., whose value is one standard deviation above the mean value of the index). We note that vulnerability indices depend on the variables included in the PCA as well as the geographic area of the study and the component selection and weighting criteria. Thus our vulnerability index will not necessarily match the vulnerability indices created by other researchers.The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.Block Groups (BGs) are clusters of blocks within the same census tract. Each census tract contains at least one BG, and BGs are uniquely numbered within census tracts. BGs have a valid code range of 0 through 9. BGs have the same first digit of their 4-digit census block number from the same decennial census. For example, tabulation blocks numbered 5001, 5002, 5005,.., 5999 within census tract 1210.02 are also within BG 5 within that census tract. BGs coded 0 are intended to only include water area, no land area, and they are generally in territorial seas, coastal water, and Great Lakes water areas. Block groups generally contain between 600 and 5,000 people. A BG usually covers a contiguous area but never crosses county or census tract boundaries. They may, however, cross the boundaries of other geographic entities like county subdivisions, places, urban areas, voting districts, congressional districts, and American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian areas. </DIV></DIV></DIV> Virginia US Census Bureau Block Groups Coastal Virginia Social Vulnerability Index SOVI U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, Spatial Data Collection and Products Branch <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>Use Constraints:The TIGER/Line Shapefile products are not copyrighted however TIGER/Line and Census TIGER are registered trademarks of the U.S. Census Bureau. These products are free to use in a product or publication, however acknowledgement must be given to the U.S. Census Bureau as the source.The boundary information in the TIGER/Line Shapefiles are for statistical data collection and tabulation purposes only; their depiction and designation for statistical purposes does not constitute a determination of jurisdictional authority or rights of ownership or entitlement and they are not legal land descriptions.Coordinates in the TIGER/Line shapefiles have six implied decimal places, but the positional accuracy of these coordinates is not as great as the six decimal places suggest.</DIV></DIV></DIV> U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.6.1.9270 1 -83.675399 -75.166437 39.466020 36.540859 Data completeness of the TIGER/Line Shapefiles reflects the contents of the Census MAF/TIGER database at the time the TIGER/Line Shapefiles were created. The Census Bureau performed automated tests to ensure logical consistency and limits of shapefiles. Segments making up the outer and inner Boundaries of a polygon tie end-to-end to completely enclose the area. All polygons are tested for closure. The Census Bureau uses its internally developed geographic update system to enhance and modify spatial and attribute data in the Census MAF/TIGER database. Standard geographic codes, such as FIPS codes for states, counties, municipalities, county subdivisions, places, American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian areas, and congressional districts are used when encoding spatial entities. The Census Bureau performed spatial data tests for logical consistency of the codes during the compilation of the original Census MAF/TIGER database files. Most of the codes for geographic entities except states, counties, urban areas, Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs), American Indian Areas (AIAs), and congressional districts were provided to the Census Bureau by the USGS, the agency responsible for maintaining the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). Feature attribute information has been examined but has not been fully tested for consistency. For the TIGER/Line Shapefiles, the Point and Vector Object Count for the G-polygon SDTS Point and Vector Object Type reflects the number of records in the shapefile attribute table. For multi-polygon features, only one attribute record exists for each multi-polygon rather than one attribute record per individual G-polygon component of the multi-polygon feature. TIGER/Line Shapefile multi-polygons are an exception to the G-polygon object type classification. Therefore, when multi-polygons exist in a shapefile, the object count will be less than the actual number of G-polygons. Census MAF/TIGER database MAF/TIGER 2019-06-01T00:00:00 TIGER/Line Shapefile, 2019, state, Virginia, Current Block Group State-based https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.2019.html TIGER/Line Shapefiles are extracted from the Census MAF/TIGER database by nation, state, county, and entity. Census MAF/TIGER data for all of the aforementioned geographic entities are then distributed among the shapefiles each containing attributes for line, polygon, or landmark geographic data. 2015-2019 American Community Survey data https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs SOVI_CoastalVirginia_BlockGroups2019_update_Aug2021_wm Feature Class 5332 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. STATEFP STATEFP String 2 0 0 Current state Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code U.S. Census Bureau COUNTYFP COUNTYFP String 3 0 0 Current county Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code U.S. Census Bureau TRACTCE TRACTCE String 6 0 0 Current census tract code U.S. Census Bureau Census tract numbers: 000100 to 998999 Water tract (2010 and continuing): 990000 to 990099 Census tract numbers: 990100 to 998999 BLKGRPCE BLKGRPCE String 1 0 0 Current block group number. A block group number of 0 represents a water block group. U.S. Census Bureau 0 9 GEOID GEOID String 12 0 0 Census block group identifier; a concatenation of the current state Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code, county FIPS code, census tract code, and block group number U.S. Census Bureau The GEOID attribute is a concatenation of the state FIPS code, followed by the county FIPS code, followed by the census tract code, followed by the block group number. No spaces are allowed between the two codes. The State FIPS code is taken from "National Standard Codes (ANSI INCITS 38-2009), Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) - States". The county FIPS code is taken from "National Standard Codes (ANSI INCITS 31-2009), Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) - Counties/County Equivalents". The census tract code is taken from the "TRACTCE" attribute. The block group number is taken from the "BLKGRPCE" attribute. NAMELSAD NAMELSAD String 13 0 0 Current translated legal/statistical area description and the block group number U.S. Census Bureau Refer to the block group number that appears in BLKGRPCE and translated legal/statistical area description code BG, Block Group MTFCC MTFCC String 5 0 0 MAF/TIGER feature class code U.S. Census Bureau G5030 BlockGroup U.S. Census Bureau FUNCSTAT FUNCSTAT String 1 0 0 Current functional status U.S. Census Bureau S Statistical entity U.S. Census Bureau ALAND ALAND Double 8 0 0 Current land area (square meters) U.S. Census Bureau AWATER AWATER Double 8 0 0 Current water area (square meters) U.S. Census Bureau INTPTLAT INTPTLAT String 11 0 0 Current latitude of the internal point (in decimal degrees) U.S. Census Bureau INTPTLON INTPTLON String 12 0 0 Current longitude of the internal point (in decimal degrees) U.S. Census Bureau YEAR YEAR String 254 0 0 Publish year of the Block Group data retrieved from the U.S. Census Bureau Tiger/Line website processor Shape_Length Shape_Length Double 8 0 0 Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Shape_Area Shape_Area Double 8 0 0 Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. PP65 PP65 Double 8 0 0 PPBlack PPBlack Double 8 0 0 PPHispanic PPHispanic Double 8 0 0 PPNative PPNative Double 8 0 0 PHFemaleHead PHFemaleHead Double 8 0 0 PPLessThanHighschool PPLessThanHighschool Double 8 0 0 UnemploymentRate UnemploymentRate Double 8 0 0 PHSocialSecurityIncome PHSocialSecurityIncome Double 8 0 0 PerCapitaIncome PerCapitaIncome Double 8 0 0 PPinGroupQuarters PPinGroupQuarters Double 8 0 0 PFemalePopulationinLaborFor PFemalePopulationinLaborFor Double 8 0 0 PPIncomeinthePast12Months PPIncomeinthePast12Months Double 8 0 0 std_varweighted_index std_varweighted_index Double 8 0 0 Social Vulnerability Index score processor soviClassed SocialVulnerabilityIndexClassified String 255 0 0 dataset EPSG 8.8(9.3.1.2) 5332 Simple FALSE 5332 TRUE FALSE 20230511